What was passive resistance in germany

This flood of money led to hyperinflation as the more money was printed, the more prices rose. Prices ran out of control, for example a loaf of bread, which cost marks in January , had risen to , million marks in November By autumn it cost more to print a note than the note was worth.

During the crisis, workers were often paid twice per day because prices rose so fast their wages were virtually worthless by lunchtime. Hyperinflation winners: Borrowers, such as businessmen, landowners and those with mortgages, found they were able to pay back their loans easily with worthless money.

People on wages were relatively safe, because they renegotiated their wages every day. However, even their wages eventually failed to keep up with prices. Farmers coped well, since their products remained in demand and they received more money for them as prices spiralled. Hyperinflation losers: People on fixed incomes, like students, pensioners or the sick, found their incomes did not keep up with prices.

People with savings and those who had lent money, for example to the government, were the most badly hit as their money became worthless. Women paid a heavy price as orderly life disintegrated and they encountered random harassment by the occupying military.

Political and social unrest bubbled up across the country, with food riots sweeping the Ruhr, alongside intimations of collaboration with the occupiers.

Gustav Stresemann became Chancellor in August and called off passive resistance on 26 September. France, it briefly appeared, had triumphed, but it derived little material benefit from the Ruhr occupation and, as its own finances deteriorated, it turned to its allies for help. This came at a price, for Britain and America opposed French hegemony in Europe as much as they did German.

The Americans proposed international mediation of the reparations question, to which France reluctantly agreed. The resulting Dawes Report recommended the resumption of reparations payments, but on condition France evacuated the Ruhr and desisted from interference in the German economy.

The Ruhr crisis fostered a transition from mutual confrontation to collaboration, as the Locarno Accords October initiated an era of rapprochement personified by the French and German Foreign Ministers Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann. Section Editor: Emmanuel Debruyne. Fischer, Conan: Ruhr Occupation , in: online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. DOI : Version 1. Ruhr Occupation. By Conan Fischer. Conan Fischer, University of St. Andrews Section Editor: Emmanuel Debruyne.

Die Ruhrbesetzung , Essen , p. Histoire d'une occupation , Strasbourg Presses universitaires de Strasbourg. Company Reg no: VAT reg no Main menu. Subjects Shop Courses Live Jobs board.

View shopping cart. View mytutor2u. Account Shopping cart Logout. Explore History History Search.